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The territory of Bulgaria is 110 990 sq km. The country is situated on the Balkan peninsula. It border on:
- Romania - 609 km
- Serbia - 341 km
- Macedonia - 165 km
- Greece - 493 km
- Turkey - 259 km
- Black sea - 378 km
State system - Parliamentary Republic
Head of state - President, who is selected by directly voting. The president's mandate is 5 years
Legislative authority - National Assembly (Unicameral Parliament), which depends 240 deputies with 4-years mandate
Executive authority - Council of Ministers, which is selected by National Assembly with a nomination to Prime Minister whom is assigned to compose a government by the President
Administrative division - 28 Regions
Capital - Sofia (1 170 000)
Largest city's - Plovdiv (340 000), Varna (320 000), Burgas (210 000), Ruse (180 000), Stara Zagora (170 000), Pleven (150 000), Sliven (135 000), Dobrich (100 000)
The population - 7 930 000 people, and the density of population is 74.3 people of sq km. An average life expectancy for men - 68 years, and for women - 75 years.
Abroad live more than 4 000 000 Bulgarians.
The formal language is Bulgarian.
- Bulgarians - 85,8 %
- Turkish - 9,7 %
- Gipsies - 3, 4%
- Others - 1,1 %
Christians - 87 %
- Orthodoxes - 96,8 %
- Catholics - 0,6 %
- Protestants - 0,2 %
- Uniats - 0,1 %
- Others - 0,3 %
Mussulmans - 12,7 %
- Sunici - 92,9 %
- Szyici - 7,1 %
A monetary unit - Lev (Lv)
- 1 Lv = 100 stotinki
- 1 Lv = 0,511 €
Relief: The Danube Plain is found in Northern Bulgaria. It's Eastern part of the Ludogorie and the Dobrouja table-land. Stara Planina Mountain (The Balkan) lays across the country - from the west border to the seacoast. The highest peak is Botev (2 376 m). Sredna gora Mountain is found southern and it’s shorter than Stara planina Mountain.
Between Stara planina and Sredna gora mountains is the Valley of Roses: Karlovo and Kazanlak's hollow. The central parts of southern Bulgaria are occupied by the Upthracian lowland.
Southern and South-western are: the highest mountain at the Balkans - Rila and the highest peak Musala (2 925 m); Pirin with peak Vihren (2 914 m); The Rhodopes with peak Golyam Perelik (2 191 m); Vitosha with peak Cherni Vryh (2 290 m); Osogovo with peak Ruen (2 251 m); Belasica with peak Radomir (2 029 m) and so on.
The Black Sea’s coast is found low with wide stripe sands
Big rivers: Danube (470 êm, border in Romania), Ogosta, Iskar, Vit, Osam, Yantra (feeders in Danube); Kamchiya (feeders in the Black sea), Marica, Mesta, Struma (feeders in Aegean sea)
Climate: Temperate continental. In the southern parts - transition Mediterranean. The middle temperatures for January are from -2 to 2oC in plains to -10oC in mountains. For July are 19-25oC in plains and about 10oC in high parts. An average annual rainfall: 450-600 mm in paints, to 1300 mm in the mountains.
Vegetable life: 30 % of country’s territory is covered by broad - leaved and coniferous woods. More than 1 700 m above sea-level: Mountain meadows and pasture
Economy: Industrial-agrarian country. There are limited reserve of ores and minerals: iron, copper, uranium ores, coals, marble and so on. Leading industrial branch: ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine-building, chemical, oil processing, cement, woodworking, textile, shoe industry, wine production, tobacco canning industry and so on.
Agricultural: workable lands cover about 50% of country’s territory. Main crops: wheat, corn, sunflower, tobacco, sugar beet, vines, fruits and vegetables and so on. There are customs in cultivation of oil-bearing rose (rose olive) lavender, peppermint etc. Stock-farming: make a speciality of the cultivation of cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry.
Transport: 37 300 km szos, railway line - 6 500 km (65% electrification). Big Black sea’s harbours: Varna and Burgas. Danube river’s harbours: Ruse, Lom, Vidin, Silistra and so on. International airports: Sofia, Varna, Burgas, Plovdiv.
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